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This study employed a partial denitrification-Anammox biofilm system (PDA-Bf) to treat simulated municipal wastewater, with a focus on exploring its nitrogen removal performance under mesophilic conditions (34℃). After 317 days of operation, the results indicated that under an influent carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 2.1, the total nitrogen (TN) concentration in the effluent was reduced to 10.94mg/L, with an average TN removal rate of 82.6%. Moreover, the contribution of the Anammox pathway to TN removal significantly increased over time. The study found that the abundances of the denitrifying genus Thauera and the anammox genus Candidatus Brocadia in the biofilm significantly increased with operation time. Thauera increased from 0.37% on day 250 to 4.11% on day 305, and Ca. Brocadia rose from 0.27% to 3.51%. The two genera worked well in synergy. The outer layer of the biofilm had a high abundance of genes encoding nitrate reduction, such as narG (55152hits), narH (35866hits), and narI (16506hits), indicating that this area was suitable for the growth of denitrifying bacteria and provided nitrite for the Anammox reaction. In contrast, the inner layer of the biofilm had a higher abundance of the Anammox-related hdh gene (1174hits), and lower abundances of nitrite reduction genes nirK (13400hits) and nirS (3954hits), maintaining a higher nitrite concentration and creating a suitable environment for Anammox bacteria (AnAOB). This stratified microbial community structure suggests that the outer and inner layers of the biofilm are respectively suitable for the growth of Thauera and Ca. Brocadia, jointly promoting the efficient nitrogen removal performance of the system.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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