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In this study, microcosm experiment containing Vallisneria spiralis and La-modified attapulgite (LMA) was conducted to investigate the role of submerged macrophytes roots in controlling sediment phosphorus (P) release through the combined application of submerged macrophytes and La-modified clay. The dynamic variations of rhizosphere P and microenvironment were systematically analyzed using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper), and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing techniques. The results showed that the combined application of LMA and Vallisneria spiralis reduced the concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP), DGT-labile P, and mobile forms of P (Mobile-P) in the sediment-porewater by 12.16% to 62.72%, 33.33% to 38.46%, and 3.66% to 10.53%, respectively, compared to the sole use of LMA. From day 7 to day 45, significant increases were observed in the total length, surface area, volume, root tip numbers and organic acid secretion of Vallisneria spiralis roots. Root-release oxygen enhanced the dissolved oxygen concentration and oxygen penetration depth at the sediment-water interface by 1.16-fold and 3.42-fold, respectively, shifting the dominant rhizosphere microbial communities from P-solubilizing bacteria such as Thiobacillus to aerobic bacteria such as Sideroxydans. Mantel test and partial least squares path modeling (PL-PM) analysis further revealed that organic acids secreted by Vallisneria spiralis roots accelerated the mineralization of organic P in the sediment, thereby enhancing OP absorption and utilization by the roots. Additionally, root-released oxygen promoted the proliferation of iron-oxidizing bacteria, which continuously oxidizing Fe2+ to Fe3+ in the porewater. This process immobilized SRP in the form of iron-bound P (Fe-P), effectively inhibiting P release from the porewater. This study provides novel insights that deepen the understanding of the mechanisms through which La-modified clay and submerged macrophytes jointly regulate the release of endogenous P in eutrophic lakes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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