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The effect of polyethylene (PE) microplastics with varying particle sizes and addition levels on nutrient cycling in the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) was investigated through pot experiments. The total carbon content in the soil was found to be significantly increased by PE addition (P<0.05), with increases of 73.9% and 56.3% observed under treatments with PE particle sizes of 1.0μm and addition levels of 0.5% (w/w) and 1.0% (w/w), respectively. Moreover, soil enzyme activity was influenced by PE addition, and significant increases in cellulase, invertase, amylase, urease, protease, and phosphatase activities were recorded under treatments with a PE particle size of 0.5μm and an addition level of 1.0% (w/w) (P<0.05). A highly significant impact of PE particle size, addition level, and their interaction on the levels of nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus, as well as the activities of cellulase, invertase, and phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi, was revealed by two-way ANOVA (P<0.001). Furthermore, the abundance of microbial functional genes associated with the reduction of citrate cycles and incomplete citrate cycles during carbon cycling was enhanced by PE addition, thereby partially increasing the carbon fixation potential of the microbiome in the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi. Significant positive correlations between cellulase activity and changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling functional genes (P<0.05), as well as significant negative correlations with changes in phosphorus cycling functional genes (P<0.05), were demonstrated by Mantel test results. Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus cycling functional genes were found to be positively correlated with total carbon content (P<0.05). Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were identified as the primary hosts of key functional genes involved in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi. The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil were altered, the microbial community structure was modified, and the expression of functional genes linked to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling was modulated by PE addition, thereby influencing nutrient cycling processes within the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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