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Outline
To explore the sedimentary history, sources, and ecological risks of emerging contaminants in global alpine lake sediments, 2,026 monitoring data points from 42 published studies were systematically integrated. Unit standardization and concentration normalization were applied, and temporal sequences with 5-year intervals were constructed for trend analysis. The results showed that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in global alpine lake sediments stayed at generally low levels, with concentrations of 0.160~2140, 0.001~12.9, 1.30~372, 0.001~12.9, and 0.119~2.50 ng/g for PAHs, DDTs, HCHs, PCBs, and PBDEs, respectively. Concentrations of PAHs showed a continuous rising trend, whereas concentrations of DDTs and HCHs exhibited two peaks in the 1980s and early 2000s, reflecting "primary source" emissions from human activities and "secondary source" releases driven by global warming. Microplastic abundance (19~2640 items/kg) remained relatively low overall but displayed an increasing trend, also related to human activities and climate change. The toxic equivalents of PAHs continues to rise, leading to increasing ecological risks; while microplastics exhibit relatively low abundance but high proportion of hazardous polymers, indicating non-negligible ecological threats. However, current research on microplastic chronological sequence in alpine lake sediments remains scarce; studies of non-extractable residues (NER) of emerging contaminants in alpine lake sediments are relatively limited; and reports on endocrine-disrupting compounds and antibiotics are extremely rare. Investigations on emerging contaminants in data-scarce regions such as the African plateau and research on multiple categories of emerging contaminants especially co-migrating substances are both needed in the future.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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