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To assess the habitat quality of wild Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) and promote the conservation of their conservation, a survey on the community structure and driving factors of macroinvertebrates was conducted in May 2023 in the Guangdong Liannan Giant Salamander Provincial Nature Reserve. The results indicated that streams in the reserve maintained a high level of benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity, with 180 species, belonging to six phyla, seven classes, 16orders, 71 families, and 167 genera recorded across 32 sampling sites. Among them, aquatic insects accounted for 94.6% (172species) of the total species richness. The dominant species included Cheumatopsyche sp. (12.1%), Hydropsyche sp. (11.6%), Togoperla sp. (6.7%), Baetis sp. (6.0%), and Stenopsyche sp. (5.5%), which all belong to the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT). A comparison of sampling sites in three regions—Wankeng River, Sanjiachong River (upstream, located in the core area), and Paiduhou River (downstream, in the experimental area)—revealed no significant differences in benthic invertebrate species richness, density, Simpson index, Shannon index, and Pielou's evenness index. The community composition was also similar across the three regions, with EPT and Diptera (sensitive taxa) being the dominant groups. The nMDS ordination plot showed substantial overlap among the three regions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that key environmental factors influencing the benthic community included altitude, dissolved oxygen, and substrate type, while key spatial factors included 12PCNM variables representing large- (PCNM axes 1, 3, 4, 6~8), medium- (10, 12, 13, 15), and small-scale (23, 28) spatial patterns. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that environmental factors alone explained 4.7% of the community variation, spatial factors alone explained 5.0%, and their combined effect explained 8.4%, indicating that environmental and spatial factors contributed similarly to the variation in benthic communities. Overall, the stream habitats in both the core and experimental zones of the Liannan giant salamander reserve were in excellent condition, with clean water and high benthic diversity, although the habitat quality in the experimental zone was slightly inferior to that of the core zone. The high-quality stream habitats and rich benthic biodiversity provide favorable conditions for the survival and reproduction of the giant salamander. In the future, long-term monitoring and management of the stream ecosystems in the reserve should be strengthened to continuously improve the habitat quality for wild giant salamanders and provide scientific support for the stability and recovery of their populations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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