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This article used the window EBM super-efficiency DEA model to calculate the synergistic level of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and economic growth (CPGE) of crop production in China from 2009 to 2022, and identified the key driving factors and nonlinear response relationships of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and economic growth synergy through the GBDT model. The results showed that: (1) During the inspection period, the overall synergy of CPGE of crop production in China showed an upward trend, rising from 0.67 in 2009 to 0.95 in 2022, with an average annual growth rate of 2.65%. Taking 2016 as the dividing point, the growth rate generally showed a "downward-upward" trend. (2) The regional differences in synergistic effects of CPGE of crop production in China were significant. In terms of temporal characteristics, the synergy between grain main production areas, grain main sales areas, and production and sales balance areas has been improved, with average annual growth rates of 2.85%, 3.68%, and 1.84%, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the pattern of synergistic effects has shifted from "high in the north and low in the south" to "high in the south and low in the north", gradually converging towards high-quality level, reducing regional differences, and ultimately presenting a spatial clustering feature of "cold in the east and hot in the west". (3) The key driving factors that affected synergistic effects included grain yield per hectare and agricultural mechanization level. Grain yield per hectare, individual technological level and urban-rural income gap factors had complex nonlinear characteristics. Technological innovation level factor had a significant promoting effect, while other factors had fluctuating negative impacts. From the perspective of time effects, grain yield per hectare has gradually become a core factor. From the perspective of regional effects, there were significant spatial differences in driving factors.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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