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Enhanced degradation of sulfamethoxazole by free nitrous acid-coupled ammonia oxidizing bacteria under weak acidic conditions
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Zi-heng FENG1, Bing-zheng WANG1, *, Xiao-yu TIAN1, Hao-xing HU1, Jia-li FANG1, Hui-yun ZHONG2, Ji LI1, 3, 4
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(9) : 5213 - 5226
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(9): 5213-5226
• Emerging Contaminants •
Enhanced degradation of sulfamethoxazole by free nitrous acid-coupled ammonia oxidizing bacteria under weak acidic conditions
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Zi-heng FENG1, Bing-zheng WANG1, *, Xiao-yu TIAN1, Hao-xing HU1, Jia-li FANG1, Hui-yun ZHONG2, Ji LI1, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 2.School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
  • 3.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 4.Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou 215009, China
Published: 2025-09-20
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In this study, we investigated the transformation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by various reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) (NO, NH2OH, and free nitrous acid (FNA)), as well as the effect of FNA on the removal of SMX (1~5mg/L) by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) under weak acidic conditions. The results demonstrated that FNA significantly enhanced the removal of SMX, with pH identified being the most influential factor. Under weak acidic conditions(pH=6~7), FNA-coupled AOB cometabolism achieved a SMX removal efficiency of 80.0% without significantly affecting ammonia oxidation efficiency. During the process, the content of extracellular polymers (EPS) exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. The content of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) was slightly inhibited, while the levels of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) initially decreased and then increased. Additionally, the abundance of the AOB genus Nitrosomonas decreased sharply from 56.4% to 0.7% before recovering to 14.7%. In contrast, the abundance of Comamonas and Thermomonas increased significantly, which helped maintain ammonia oxidation performance and SMX removal efficiency.

ammonia oxidizing bacteria  /  cometabolism  /  free nitrous acid  /  sulfamethoxazole  /  enhanced degradation
冯梓恒, 王秉政, 田晓宇, 胡昊星, 方佳丽, 仲慧赟, 李激. 弱酸性条件游离亚硝酸耦合氨氧化细菌强化降解磺胺甲恶唑. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (9) : 5213 -5226 .
Zi-heng FENG, Bing-zheng WANG, Xiao-yu TIAN, Hao-xing HU, Jia-li FANG, Hui-yun ZHONG, Ji LI. Enhanced degradation of sulfamethoxazole by free nitrous acid-coupled ammonia oxidizing bacteria under weak acidic conditions[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (9) : 5213 -5226 .
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 9
55
18
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2025-02-05
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2025-09-20
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-02-05
Funding
Affiliations
    1.School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
    2.School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
    3.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China
    4.Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou 215009, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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