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Outline
To investigate the pollution characteristics and driving mechanisms of atmospheric gaseous nitric acid (HNO3) in Shenzhen, this study conducted HNO3 measurements during summer 2023 and winter 2024 using iodide ion chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (I-CIMS), combined with machine learning for mechanism analysis. The results revealed significantly higher HNO3 concentrations in winter (0.72±0.19×10-9) compared to summer (0.09±0.05×10-9), with distinct diurnal patterns showing daytime peaks. The model demonstrated good performance (R2=0.91), with SHAP analysis identifying temperature as the primary driver governing HNO3 variation through gas-particle partitioning. Seasonal differences emerged: temperature dominated summer dynamics through thermodynamic control, while chemical processes prevailed in winter. Notably, chloride salts suppressed HNO3 formation through nitrate displacement, revealing the complex role of chloride depletion in nitrogen cycling. Our findings highlight the priority of NH3 emission control, which concurrently inhibits total nitrate formation and reduces HNO3 particle-phase conversion. Special attention should be given to coastal urban nitrogen cycling complexities induced by chloride depletion, providing scientific basis for nitrate pollution mitigation in the Pearl River Delta region.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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