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This study investigates the relative contributions of anthropogenic and meteorological factors to ozone (O3) variations in major cities on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (Urumqi, Changji, Shihezi, Wujiaqu) from 2018 to 2023 using a stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) model. Based on OMI satellite data (HCHO and NO2 tropospheric column concentrations) and ground-based observation data (O3 and NO2), the fractional nucleation rate (FNR) threshold for the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains was determined. The study highlights regional differences, seasonal patterns, and variations in the sensitivity of precursor substances. The results indicate that O3 on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains generally exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, with an annual average concentration of 86.97μg/m3, and the O3 concentration in the warm season (107.63μg/m3) was higher than that in the cold season (66.31μg/m3). The O3 concentration decreased to its lowest level (86.71μg/m3) in 2020 attributed to the decreased emissions resulting from the pandemic. The annual growth rates varied significantly among the cities, with Changji at 3.87μg/(m3·a) and Shihezi at 1.51μg/(m3·a). Meteorological factors have a significant impact on O3 concentration variations, with temperature and humidity as key factors. The contribution rates of meteorological factors in Urumqi and Wujiaqu were higher (50% and 60%, respectively), while those in Changji and Shihezi were lower (29% and 44%, respectively). The NO2 column concentration showed a downward trend (annual decrease rate of 0.22 × 1015 molec/(cm2·a)), while the HCHO column concentration remained relatively stable, indicating that VOCs emissions may have increased. FNR analysis indicates that the ozone formation sensitivity (OFS) threshold was as follows: when FNR < 1.75, ozone formation was controlled by VOCs; when FNR > 3.67, ozone formation was controlled by NOx; and when 1.75 < FNR < 3.67, it is in a transitional state. During the warm season (April to September), the sensitivity of O3 photochemical production was mainly controlled by NOx. This study reveals the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of O3 formation and precursor sensitivities in the northern slope area of the Tianshan Mountains, providing scientific guidance for the development of more precise O3 pollution control strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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