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This study systematically analyzed the evolution of winter air quality and pollutant emissions in Lanzhou through integrated multi-source data, including ground-based ambient monitoring, nighttime light observations, and emission inventories. Utilizing radiosonde data from Yuzhong Station, surface meteorological measurements, and ERA5reanalysis, we quantified changes in upper-atmospheric and surface wind fields alongside atmospheric stability via linear trend analysis and Mann-Kendall tests to identify drivers of the post-pandemic pollution rebound. Significant reductions were observed in SO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations over the past 15 winters, with post-pandemic (2022~2023) levels rebounding by 6.59% (PM2.5) and 21.14% (PM10) relative to 2019 baselines. Notable declines in primary pollutant emissions since 2000 were documented, demonstrating effective mitigation measures. Deteriorating meteorological dispersion conditions were characterized by a 20-year trend of declining surface wind speed and increasing inversion frequency, with winter valley cold pool intensity in 2022~2023 reaching 1.2 times the historical average. The synergistic effect of weakened near-surface ventilation and enhanced atmospheric stability was identified as the dominant mechanism driving the post-pandemic particulate matter rebound.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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