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To address the limitations of conventional spectroscopic techniques in microplastic detection and comprehensively assess microplastic occurrence in wild marine fish, this study developed a pyrolysis-thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-TD-GC/MS) method. This approach demonstrated excellent recovery rates (>90%) for microplastic extraction and quantification. On this basis, this method was used to quantify the mass concentrations of PP, PE, PS and PVC (0.22~500μm) in the gastrointestinal tract of wild barracuda and bass in Bohai Bay. Results revealed that the concentration of small and medium-sized microplastics (0.22~20μm) in the gastrointestinal tract of barracuda ((64.71 ± 80.47) μg/g) was significantly lower than that of bass ((371.30 ± 401.53)μg/g) (P<0.05), while the concentration of large-sized microplastics (20~500μm) ((150.33±116.58) μg/g) was slightly higher than that in bass ((107±96.49) μg/g) (P>0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of PE and PVC were significantly higher than those of PS and PP. Subsequently, the laser infrared imaging system (LDIR) was used to quantify the abundance of microplastics (20~500μm) in the gastrointestinal tract of wild barracuda and bass in the Bohai Bay. It was found that the detected microplastics were mainly 20~50μm in size, primarily fragment-shaped, and mainly composed of 11polymers such as PE and PVC. The average abundance of PP, PE, PS and PVC in the gastrointestinal tract of barracuda ((38.21±19.95) items/g) was slightly higher than that of bass ((34.75±26.33) items/g) (P>0.05). The mass concentration distribution of microplastics in the four materials was generally consistent with the particle abundance distribution. The polymer hazard index was used to evaluate the potential ecological hazards of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of bass and barracuda, and it was found that the presence of PVC microplastics led to a higher potential hazard index. Py-TD-GC/MS can detect microplastics with smaller particle sizes in organisms, and the combination of Py-TD-GC/MS and infrared spectroscopy can fully reveal the characteristics of microplastic pollution in wild fish.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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