The research explored the evolution trend, spatial correlation network characteristics and driving mechanism of the synergistic effects on carbon reduction, construction waste control, green expansion, and economic growth among different provinces in construction industry from 2010 to 2020 by entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, social network analysis method, and exponential random graph model. The results showed that: The synergistic effect of carbon reduction, construction waste control, green expansion, and economic growth in the construction industry increased from 0.51 to 0.60, gradually transitioning from a barely imbalanced state to a primary coordinated state, with significant spatial heterogeneity. The synergistic effect spatial correlation network presented a "Core-edge" distribution characteristic, and the network density showed an increasing trend, reaching 0.2287 in 2020. The network's dependence on the core region was weak, but the network state had not yet reached optimal state, and there was still significant for improvement, such as Henan, Hunan, Shaanxi, and Xinjiang were in a dominant position in the internet and had apparent "Matthew effect". Hebei, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Henan provinces had shown significant "Siphon effect". Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other provinces played the role of peripheral actors in the network. Most of the spatial correlations of the synergistic effects of carbon reduction, construction waste control, green expansion, and economic growth in the construction industry were concentrated within blocks rather than between blocks. The developed eastern region was mainly the "Net profit" block, while the central and western regions were the "Two-way spillover" blocks. Hunan, Shaanxi, Hubei and other provinces occupied the network structure holes position and had obvious advantages in the construction of synergistic effects. The significant driving force of endogenous network structure was the formation process of the synergistic effect network. The factor of the proportion of construction industry output value/GDP strengthened the spatial correlation between the synergistic effects. The proximity of geographical locations helped to promote the formation of a basin collaborative governance network. Thus, targeted policies for carbon reduction, construction waste control, green expansion, and economic growth in the construction industry should be formulated based on the characteristics of different regions to promote high-quality development of the regional construction industry.