Using methods such as composite index evaluation, probabilistic risk characterization, and multi-attribute decision-making, this study investigates the governance challenges posed by multiple risk sources, diverse receptors, and complex exposure pathways in urban ecological environments. It systematically analyzes the transition of risk sources from natural to anthropogenic and from single to multiple origins, as well as the expansion of risk receptors from human health to broader domains such as socio-economic systems, along with the corresponding evaluation indicators. The results show that integrated assessment models can overcome the limitations of single-method approaches by combining information across ecological, socio-economic, and public health dimensions. These models offer a holistic perspective to effectively address complex risk issues and represent a crucial direction for large-scale urban ecological risk assessments, providing scientific support for sustainable urban development and risk management decision-making.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |