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This review summarized the research progress on mixotrophic metabolic mechanisms of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), and provided perspectives on future research directions and highlighted the engineering implications. Current studies indicated that the mixotrophic metabolism of AnAOB could be influenced by factors such as the C/N ratio, organic matter concentration and types. However, the metabolic rates and micro-mechanisms of different AnAOB strains in metabolizing small organic molecules (e.g., acetate, propionate) remain unclear. In recent years, advanced 13C isotope labelling technology (DNA-SIP) and single-cell techniques have provided novel approaches to elucidate the pathways of small organic molecules uptake and metabolism in AnAOB. Multi-omics analysis showed that AnAOB fix inorganic carbon through the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway and harboured multiple pathways for small organic molecules metabolism, including denitrifying nitrate to ammonium (DNRA), formate metabolism, acetate metabolism, propionate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, yet the specific mechanisms remain controversial. Future research could focus on the electron transfer mechanisms, endogenous organic matter utilization strategies, and small organic molecules assimilation capabilities in the mixotrophic metabolism of AnAOB, aiming to optimize the enrichment and nitrogen removal performance of AnAOB, and expand their application potential in complex wastewater treatment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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