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The variation characteristics and analysis of atmospheric CO2 concentration during heatwave in Hangzhou
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Zhong-hao YANG1, Wei XIAO1, *, Meng-jing ZHU2, Chen HU3, Ning HU4, Ying YANG1, Wen-jing HUANG1, Meng SHAN2, Xu-hui LEE5
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(7) : 3634 - 3643
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(7): 3634-3643
• Air Pollution Control •
The variation characteristics and analysis of atmospheric CO2 concentration during heatwave in Hangzhou
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Zhong-hao YANG1, Wei XIAO1, *, Meng-jing ZHU2, Chen HU3, Ning HU4, Ying YANG1, Wen-jing HUANG1, Meng SHAN2, Xu-hui LEE5
Affiliations
  • 1.Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink-China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • 2.Zhejiang Lin'an Atmospheric Background, National Observation and Research Station, Hangzhou 311300, China
  • 3.Department of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210018, China
  • 4.Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • 5.School of the Environments, Yale University, New Haven CT 06511, American
Published: 2025-07-20
Outline
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To clarify the variation characteristics and causes of urban atmospheric CO2 concentrations during heatwave periods, this study investigates Hangzhou—a typical city in the Yangtze River Delta—using the WRF-STILT atmospheric transport model, the EDGAR anthropogenic emission inventory, high-precision laser spectrometer observations, and a Bayesian optimization inversion algorithm. Results show that heatwaves significantly affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations: daytime concentrations are lower, while nighttime concentrations are higher compared to non-heatwave periods. The spatial representativeness of measurement sites and changes in CO2 emissions are the main factors influencing atmospheric CO2 levels in Hangzhou. Heatwaves also lead to notable changes in spatial representativeness: during heatwaves, local emissions account for 80.5% of the observed CO2 compared to only 51.6% during non-heatwave periods, and representative spatial range is smaller. In addition, CO2 emissions from various anthropogenic sectors respond differently to heatwaves: emission from the manufacturing, energy, and refining and conversion sectors increase, while emissions from transportation decreases.

heatwave  /  WRF-STILT model  /  CO2 emission  /  spatial representativeness  /  Hangzhou
杨钟昊, 肖薇, 朱梦晶, 胡诚, 胡凝, 杨樱, 黄文晶, 单萌, 李旭辉. 杭州市高温热浪时期大气CO2浓度变化特征及解析. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (7) : 3634 -3643 .
Zhong-hao YANG, Wei XIAO, Meng-jing ZHU, Chen HU, Ning HU, Ying YANG, Wen-jing HUANG, Meng SHAN, Xu-hui LEE. The variation characteristics and analysis of atmospheric CO2 concentration during heatwave in Hangzhou[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (7) : 3634 -3643 .
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 7
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2024-11-15
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2025-07-20
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2024-11-15
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink-China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    2.Zhejiang Lin'an Atmospheric Background, National Observation and Research Station, Hangzhou 311300, China
    3.Department of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210018, China
    4.Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    5.School of the Environments, Yale University, New Haven CT 06511, American
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光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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