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Vertical distribution and source characteristics of formic acid in atmospheric boundary layer
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Ri-na WU1, Xin SONG1, Shen ZHENG1, Chun-sheng ZHANG2, Ai-ming LIU2, Hong-long YANG2, Xiao-xiao ZHANG1, Si-li LIU1, Jun ZHOU1, Yan-feng WU1, Yi-xin HAO1, Xiao-bing LI1, *, Bin YUAN1, **, Min SHAO1
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(7) : 3614 - 3621
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(7): 3614-3621
• Air Pollution Control •
Vertical distribution and source characteristics of formic acid in atmospheric boundary layer
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Ri-na WU1, Xin SONG1, Shen ZHENG1, Chun-sheng ZHANG2, Ai-ming LIU2, Hong-long YANG2, Xiao-xiao ZHANG1, Si-li LIU1, Jun ZHOU1, Yan-feng WU1, Yi-xin HAO1, Xiao-bing LI1, *, Bin YUAN1, **, Min SHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
  • 2.Shenzhen National Climate Observatory, Shenzhen 518040, China
Published: 2025-07-20
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To investigate the vertical distribution and source characteristics of formic acid in the atmospheric boundary layer, online measurements of formic acid and related air pollutants were conducted at six heights from the ground level to 335m in autumn 2021 using iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I-CIMS) coupled with a multi-inlet tubing system at the Shiyan Meteorological Gradient Tower in Shenzhen. Results revealed that the average ground-level formic acid concentration during the campaign was 0.7 ppb, lower than previously reported values from other regions globally. Vertically, formic acid concentrations exhibited a consistent height-dependent pattern with an initial increase followed by a decrease, peaking at 120m during both daytime and nighttime. This vertical maximum was particularly pronounced in daylight hours. Correlation analyses with co-measured pollutants (ozone, NOx, PM2.5) demonstrated that the sources of formic acid were influenced by both primary emissions and secondary formation. A vertical stratification of sources was identified: contributions below 120m predominantly originated from direct emissions of vehicle exhausts, while photochemical secondary formation became the dominant source above 120m.

air pollution  /  organic acid  /  vertical distribution  /  tower observation  /  tubing drainage
乌日娜, 宋鑫, 郑燊, 张春生, 刘爱明, 杨红龙, 张潇潇, 刘思利, 周俊, 吴艳峰, 郝怡忻, 李小兵, 袁斌, 邵敏. 边界层大气中甲酸的垂直分布及来源特征. 中国环境科学, 2025 , 45 (7) : 3614 -3621 .
Ri-na WU, Xin SONG, Shen ZHENG, Chun-sheng ZHANG, Ai-ming LIU, Hong-long YANG, Xiao-xiao ZHANG, Si-li LIU, Jun ZHOU, Yan-feng WU, Yi-xin HAO, Xiao-bing LI, Bin YUAN, Min SHAO. Vertical distribution and source characteristics of formic acid in atmospheric boundary layer[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (7) : 3614 -3621 .
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 7
74
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2025-03-07
  • Online Date：2026-10-08
  • Published：2025-07-20
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  • Received：2025-03-07
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
    2.Shenzhen National Climate Observatory, Shenzhen 518040, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
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Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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