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In this study, two paddy soils with similar organic matter contents but different iron contents were used to conduct anaerobic microcosm incubation experiments with four treatments, including Control, +NO3-, +As（III）, and +As（III）+NO3-. The transformation of arsenic, nitrogen, and iron species, as well as changes in microbial community structure and abundance were investigated in order to elucidate the effect of iron on the microbial As（III）oxidation coupling nitrate reduction processes in soils under anoxic conditions. The results revealed that As（III）oxidation was driven by nitrate reduction, and 35.3% and 43.0% of As（III）were oxidized in the soils with low iron and high iron content, respectively, at the end of incubation. The phosphate-extracted and oxalate-extracted arsenic contents were significantly higher in the soil with high iron content than those in the soil with low iron content. The presence of As（III）slowed down the nitrate reduction process, reduced the accumulation of NO2- and N2O, and promoted the NH4+ production. In addition, the denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium（DNRA）processes were faster in the soil with high iron content than those in the soil with low iron content. The presence of nitrate and As（III）decreased the concentrations of dissolved Fe（II）and adsorbed Fe（II）in soils, increased the concentrations of adsorbed total iron, and altered the composition and abundance of soil microbial community. Bacillus, Clostridium, and Planococcaceae were identified as the dominant bacteria during nitrate reduction and As（III）oxidation processes. This study demonstrates that soils with high content of adsorbed iron can facilitate anaerobic As（III）oxidation coupling denitrification/DNRA and enhance the immobilization of As（III）and As（V）by iron（oxyhydr）oxides in soils. These findings provide scientific basis for the regulation of arsenic transformation by iron and nitrogen elements in flooded paddy fields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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