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A photocatalytic membrane reaction process, integrating a CBM (gC3N4/BiOBr/MXene) photocatalyst and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, was constructed using a phase inversion method. The addition of CBM was adjusted to optimize the membrane surface structure and properties, as well as to improve the hydrophilicity and permeability of the composite membrane. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl), a common antibiotic drug, was used as the target pollutant in the dead-end process to assess the separation and fouling resistance capabilities. The optimally doped PVDF/CBM-0.6membrane achieved 92 % degradation of TC-HCl, in which the active species •O2- and h+ played a dominant role. The degradation efficiency remains above 85% after 5 cycles, proving its good recyclability. Thirteen degradation intermediates and potential degradation pathways were proposed, including hydroxylation, demethylation, deamination, benzene ring opening, and deamidation reactions. Continuous operation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) confirmed the ability of the process to alleviate irreversible membrane fouling by preventing pore blockage and pollutant adhesion, achieving an efficient membrane self-cleaning.Overall, the CBM/PVDF photocatalytic membrane proposed in this work has the potential to enhance the practical application of photocatalytic membrane reaction systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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