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This study established 4treatments, straw degradation microbial agent (MC), organic fertilizer (OF), MC+OF, and control check (CK), and conducted a 120 days straw returning experiment to analyze the impact of different treatments on straw decomposition rate, soil nutrients, and soil microecology. The results demonstrated that the MC+OF treatment significantly improved the straw returning rate, especially enhanced the lignin degradation of stubborn components in the straw. After 120 days, the MC+OF group showed significantly higher rates of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin degradation, and strawweight loss compared with other treatments, with increases ranging from 2.87% to 11.78%, 3.20% to 10.59%, 6.00% to 32.97%, and 9.49% to 26.77% respectively (P<0.05). The total amount of humus reached 70.39g/kg, a 24.87% increase compared with the CK; additionally, soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon increased by 33.39% and 62.00%, respectively, from their initial levels, while soil total nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) increased relatively by 134.21mg/kg. The combination of microbial and organic fertilizers also enhanced the activity of invertase, urease, and neutral phosphatase in the soil. Moreover, microorganisms such as Aspergillus in the MC treatment became dominant genera during the straw returning process, induced a significant enrichment of indigenous microorganisms with lignocellulose degradation functions like Alcaligenes, Ensifer, and Brevundimonas. The combination of microbial and organic fertilizers decreased the total amount of pathogenic saprophytic fungi in the soil and improved soil quality. These results indicate the immense potential of MC+OF in accelerating the recycling and utilization of straw resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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