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This study focuses on the karst depression in Fenghuang Village, Zhongliang Mountain, Chongqing, using the composite fingerprinting technique. An optimal combination of fingerprint properties was selected to quantify the contributions of potential sources to the depression deposits by using multivariate linear mixed model (IsoSource) and Bayesian mixed models (MixSIAR, SIMMR, and SIAR). In addition, the applicability of these models was further assessed by using their root mean square error (RMSE) and in combination with previous reports. Results indicated that the cumulative identification accuracy of the five fingerprint properties, i.e., the total carbon (TC) content, sand content, grain size at 70% frequency (D70), soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and sulfur (S) content, reached 89.5%, and therefore these properties constituted an optimal combination. The RMSE values for the four models were: MixSIAR (2.05), SIMMR (2.05), SIAR (2.07), IsoSource (2.34). Since the RMSEs of the three Bayesian mixed models were lower than that of the IsoSource model, the applicability of the Bayesian mixed models for quantifying the contributions of sediment sources to the depression deposits was higher than that of the multivariate linear mixed model. Among the three Bayesian mixed models, the MixSIAR and SIMMR models had the highest accuracy. Results from the MixSIAR and SIMMR models indicated that arable land was the primary source of the depression deposits, followed by ditch walls, with forest and grassland contributing the least. The composite fingerprinting technique could effectively quantify the sediment sources in the small watersheds in the depression. In this study, the composite fingerprinting technique was employed to unveil the sediment source of depression deposits in a typical karst trough valley in Southwest China, aiming to provide a reference for model selection in similar studies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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