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Hasuhai Lake was selected as the research object, where surface sediment samples were collected from 19 sampling points during three water periods: April 2023 (dry season), July 2023 (wet season), and September 2023 (normal season). The concentrations of seven heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg) were determined, with all metals except Cr being detected. Subsequently, their pollution levels and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used to assess the potential ecological risks of six heavy metals, respectively. The correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models were utilized to analyze the sources and relative contributions of heavy metals in surface sediments. The results indicated that the average contents of six heavy metals in both dry and wet season exceeded the background values of Inner Mongolia stream sediments, and the average contents of five heavy metals except As in normal season exceeded the background values of Inner Mongolia stream sediments. The average contents of Cd and Hg exceeded the background values of Chinese stream sediments in the three water periods. Spatially, the distribution of heavy metals content in surface sediments of each water period is significantly different. The high value of heavy metals content in the dry season is concentrated in the east and west of the lake area, the wet season is mainly concentrated in the north and south of the lake area, and the normal season is mainly concentrated in the middle of the lake area. The results of the geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method revealed that Cd and Hg were the main heavy metals elements causing ecological risks in the three water periods, and the mean values of RI in each water period were 590.42, 503.73 and 570.07 respectively, indicating a strong potential ecological risk. The sum of the contribution rates of Cd and Hg to RI values in the three water periods exceeded 90%. The main sources of heavy metals in surface sediments were identified as agricultural production activities and transportation (32.5%), industrial activities (22.7%), natural sources (20.1%), and mining activities (24.7%).
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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