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The study used humic acid (HA) to drive the potassium permanganate/persulfate (PM/PMS+HA) system to investigate the removal of small molecule organic pollutants and the effectiveness of membrane fouling control. The experimental results showed that the PM/PMS+HA system exhibited excellent removal performance for different small molecule organic compounds, including Atrazine (ATZ), Phenol (Phenol), Diclofenac Sodium (DCF), Carbamazepine (CBZ), Ibuprofen (IBP) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The first-order kinetic constants of the PM/PMS+HA system were all higher than 18×10-2min-1, far higher than the PM/PMS system, PM system, and ultrafiltration system alone. At the same time, the PM/PMS system has a good membrane fouling alleviation effect. When HA was used as the pollutant, the effluent specific flux of the PM/PMS system only decreased to 0.919 within 15 minutes, much higher than the 0.393 obtained by HA filtration alone. Meanwhile, when using the PM/PMS system for membrane cleaning, the membrane flux recovery rate reached 98.51%. The mechanism of the PM/PMS+HA system was explored through capture experiments and measurements using a UV spectrophotometer. The experimental results indicate that during the filtration process of PM/PMS+HA, it is mainly the rich electronic HA in the system that triggers the decomposition of the composite oxidant (PM-PMS). The decompositionof composite oxidants produces reactive oxygen species (•OH、SO4•-、1O2) and reactive manganese(Mn(V)and Mn(VI)). The generated reactive oxygen species and reactive manganese oxidize pollutants, leading to the removal of new pollutants and a decrease in the molecular weight of membrane pollutants, thereby achieving the removal of new pollutants and the control of membrane pollution. The PM/PMS system driven by pollutants has achieved the coupling of ultrafiltration membranes with advanced oxidation technology, providing new ideas for the removal of small molecule organic compounds and membrane fouling control in ultrafiltration technology.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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