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Sulfate radical (SO4•−)-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are characterized by in situ generation of SO4•− with strong oxidation capacity, which can effectively degrade a variety of organic pollutants. However, SO4•− can transform nitrite (NO2−) and bromide (Br−) into toxic nitrated byproducts and halogenated byproducts, respectively. In this study, the mechanisms underlying the formation of nitrated and brominated byproducts on the reaction system in which NO2− and Br− coexist were systematically investigated. Results showed that three nitrated byproducts, including 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol were produced during the heat-activated persulfate nitrification process. It was observed that nitrophenols accounted for approximately 34.5% of the phenol transformed under reaction conditions of [phenol]= 50µmol/L, [NO2−]=100µmol/L,[PDS]=2mmol/L and temperature of 60℃ C. Once NO2− was co-present, the formation rate of nitrophenol was significantly accelerated. The conversion rate increased to 46.0% under the same conditions. Br− can be oxidized by SO4•− to form reactive bromine species, which rapidly react with NO2− to form a strong oxidizing agent, nitryl halide. Then nitryl halide reacts with the phenol and plays a key role in promoting the formation of nitrophenol. Note that, Br− is eventually released and acts as a catalyst equivalent. Meanwhile, the presence of NO2− results in an inhibition of the rate of formation of brominated byproducts, such as dibromoacetic acid. Therefore, the transformation mechanisms of NO2− and Br− influence each other in SR-AOPs. When they coexist, promote the formation of nitrophenol byproducts but inhibit brominated byproducts.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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