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The distribution characteristics of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) concentrations in seawater and the atmosphere in the East China Sea in October 2020 were investigated, the sea-air exchange fluxes were evaluated, and the ecological risks and environmental effects were analyzed. The results showed the average concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene and o-xylene were (136.8±76.8), (321.3±279.0), (530.3±530.0), (336.2±453.6) and (493.7±814.7) pmol/L in the surface seawater, respectively, and were (122.3±84.2), (217.1±162.4), (423.8±399.0), (236.8±215.1) and (344.3±288.5) pmol/L in the bottom seawater. The high values were found in the nearshore and the eastern part of the investigated sea area, of which the high values in the nearshore indicated they were influenced by land-based inputs, and the high values in the eastern part might be related to the petroleum extraction activities. The average atmospheric concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene and o-xylene were (110.5±45.3),(410.1±384.4), (139.5±108.8), (128.3±123.9) and (108.9±97.6) ×10-12, and the backward trajectories showed they were affected by the input from land-based sources. The mean sea-air fluxes of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene and o-xylene were (25.6±13.1),(73.1±78.2), (179.9±194.5), (146.3±185.4), and (216.3±358.7) g/(km2⋅d), indicating that the investigated sea area is an important source of atmospheric. In terms of ecological risk, the concentrations of BTEX in seawater were far below the acute toxicity median effect concentration (EC50) and the half-lethal concentration (LC50) for marine organisms, indicating that BTEX posed relatively low direct harm to segmental marine life. In the atmosphere, the calculated carcinogenicity risk value (R), the non-carcinogenicity risk hazard quotient (HQ), and the non-carcinogenicity risk index (HI) were much lower than the reference values, indicating that the direct threat of atmospheric BTEX to human health was low. The analysis of O3 and SOA generation potentials revealed that toluene and xylene were the key active components of BTEX and had the most significant impact on environmental effects.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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