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This study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of zero-valent iron-graphite composite materials (0~4.0g/L) on sludge fermentation via chain elongation(CE) systems through a gradient dosing approach. The enhancement of iron-carbon materials on the CE process were systematically analyzed by monitoring the variations of short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) and medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) concentrations, decomposition and metabolism of organics, electron transfer efficiency, and evolution of microbial community structure. The results demonstrated that the MCCAs production reached 10.65g/L at an iron-carbon dosage of 0.5g/L, representing a 2.04-fold increasement compared to the control group. The selectivity of caproic acid reached 53.60%, enhanced by 24.96% compared to the control. Mechanistic studies revealed that iron-carbon materials influenced the three stages of anaerobic fermentation (solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification), promoting the decomposition and metabolism of organics and the conversion of polysaccharides to SCCAs. Simultaneously, a significant enhancement in electron transfer activity was observed in the groups with iron-carbon addition. Microbial community analysis further indicated that iron-carbon materials increased the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and the genus Clostridium sensu stricto 12, which facilitated hydrolysis and CE processes in anaerobic fermentation. This study suggested that the application of iron-carbon materials could enhance MCCAs production in sludge anaerobic fermentation systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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