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This study involved the collection and analysis of bacteria and fungi samples in water and sediment from ten typical sub-lakes of Poyang Lake. A hydrological connectivity index system for sub-lakes was established to quantitatively assess the effect of hydrological connectivity on microbial community structure. The results indicate significant differences in the α-diversity of water bacteria, sediment bacteria, and fungal communities during different stages of the dry season, sediment bacteria and fungi showed higher α-diversity during the mid-dry season. The difference in β diversity of water bacterial community was more obvious in different periods, and the β diversity of sediment bacterial and fungal communities showed spatial differences. With the increase of hydrological connectivity, the similarity of sediment bacterial and fungal communities was lower. The water area ratio (WSP) and water depth (WD) were the main hydrological connectivity variables affecting the water bacterial community structure. Lake basin elevation (LE) and WD were the main hydrological connectivity variables affecting sediment bacteria and fungi community structure. Hydrological connectivity explained less variation in water bacterial community structure (7.6%) compared to sediment bacteria (33.3%) and fungal (29.7%) community structures. The co-interpretation rate of hydrological connectivity and physicochemical factors on bacterial community structure in water was only 2.4%, and the co-interpretation rates of bacterial and fungal community structure in sediments were 9.7% and 6.2%, respectively. Sediment bacterial and fungal communities were predominantly shaped by stochastic and deterministic processes, respectively, while both processes jointly influenced water bacterial communities. Under moderate hydrological connectivity, water bacterial communities showed stronger stochastic processes, whereas as connectivity increased, stochastic processes in sediment bacteria and fungi weakened.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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