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This study aimed to investigate the influencing mechanism of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems. The addition of 20mg/L PS-NPs had a negligible impact on the removal of organic matter and phosphorus in the AGS systems. However, it exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on nitrogen removal, with ammonia nitrogen removal and total nitrogen removal exhibiting a reduction of 21.98% and 41.31% compared to the control group, respectively. Additionally, PS-NPs inhibited the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and altered the EPS structure, making it looser by affecting the secondary structure of proteins. Further studies demonstrated that PS-NPs caused intense oxidative stress within microorganisms by inducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which resulted in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels rising to 151.27% and compromised cell membrane integrity. The long-term presence of PS-NPs led to changes in microbial community structure, inhibiting the growth of denitrifying bacteria, such as the classes Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. In contrast, the proliferation of the classes Flavobacteria and Chitinophagia was promoted by PS-NPs. Moreover, KEGG database analysis indicated that PS-NPs not only significantly inhibited the pathways related to quorum sensing and metabolic activity, particularly the metabolic pathways of aromatic amino acids, but also reduced the relative abundance of genes encoding denitrifying functional enzymes. This ultimately posed a negative impact on the denitrification performance and the long-term stability of AGS systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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