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This study analysed the spatiotemporal characteristics of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations upstream and downstream of sluices during dry and wet years, using data from three automated water quality monitoring stations and field measurements along the Huangjiang River in Guangdong Province. Multiple statistical methods were employed to identify the relative contributions of key influencing factors to DO variability across years under different precipitation conditions. Upstream DO concentrations were generally higher in dry years ((8.02±0.10) mg/L) than in wet years ((7.26±0.08) mg/L). In contrast, DO levels in the downstream tidal section increased from (4.45±0.10) mg/L (dry year) to (7.33±0.09) mg/L (wet year), primarily due to improved water quality. Periodic fluctuations were observed in both years, with higher DO levels during the flood season and lower levels during the non-flood season throughout the river channel. Influenced by the gate control and different external inputs, DO fluctuations upstream and downstream were driven by different factors. Rainfall and water temperature explained 44% to 87% of the DO variability upstream. While ammonia nitrogen, and CODMn were the most influential factors downstream, accounting for 53% to 75% of the variability. Furthermore, the “lacustrine” upstream section was especially sensitive to climate variations. In this area, the loss of phytoplankton biomass caused by stormwater runoff was a major factor contributing to DO difference during dry and wet years. While DO downstream is more easily influenced by water pollutants, especially the significant decrease in oxygen-demanding substances.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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