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The effect of organic fouling on the performance of natural seawater-driven PRO process
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Yi-han WANG1, Xin-yu JU1, Cheng-long ZHENG1, Yu-jie ZHU1, Zhi-chao HUANG1, Tao WANG1, Xiao-zhen LU3, Lin WANG1, 2, *, Zhao LI1, 2, Fei-yong CHEN2
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(6) : 3143 - 3150
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(6): 3143-3150
• Water Pollution Control •
The effect of organic fouling on the performance of natural seawater-driven PRO process
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Yi-han WANG1, Xin-yu JU1, Cheng-long ZHENG1, Yu-jie ZHU1, Zhi-chao HUANG1, Tao WANG1, Xiao-zhen LU3, Lin WANG1, 2, *, Zhao LI1, 2, Fei-yong CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, China
  • 2.Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, China
  • 3.School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
Published: 2025-06-20
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We systematically investigated the effects of two model foulants, sodium alginate (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), on the efficiency of the PRO process and organic fouling behavior on both sides of the membrane when natural seawater was used as the draw solution. The presence of foulants in the feed solution led to the flux reduction caused by the fouling within the support layer, in which the fluxes of SA and BSA decreased by 42.54% and 30.99%, respectively. When filtering BSA with smaller particle size instead of SA, it led to a more significant membrane fouling due to the blockage of internal pores in the support layer. The flux was 10.08% lower in SA filtration compared to BSA in the presence of model foulants in the draw solution, with fouling behavior primarily existed on the membrane surface. According to the XDLVO theory, the interfacial energy barrier of SA towards the feed solution side was lower than that towards the support layer side, leading to less repulsion with the active layer side of the membrane and increased membrane fouling. Conversely, BSA showed lower repulsion towards the membrane support layer side, suggesting that BSA existed on the feed solution side lead to more significant membrane fouling behavior, resulting in greater flux loss.

pressure retarded osmosis  /  organic fouling  /  seawater  /  interfacial energy barrier
Yi-han WANG, Xin-yu JU, Cheng-long ZHENG, Yu-jie ZHU, Zhi-chao HUANG, Tao WANG, Xiao-zhen LU, Lin WANG, Zhao LI, Fei-yong CHEN. The effect of organic fouling on the performance of natural seawater-driven PRO process[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (6) : 3143 -3150 .
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Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 6
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  • Receive Date：2024-11-03
  • Online Date：2026-02-27
  • Published：2025-06-20
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  • Received：2024-11-03
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Affiliations
    1.School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, China
    2.Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, China
    3.School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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