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The detection methods of natural steroidal estrogens in vegetables based on UE-SPE-HPLC/FLD
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Yang CHEN, Jun-yue WANG, Jia-yi YAN, Zi-kang ZHANG, Wan-ting LING*
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(6) : 3420 - 3427
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(6): 3420-3427
Agriculture and Country Emerging Contaminants
The detection methods of natural steroidal estrogens in vegetables based on UE-SPE-HPLC/FLD
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Yang CHEN, Jun-yue WANG, Jia-yi YAN, Zi-kang ZHANG, Wan-ting LING*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Published: 2025-06-20
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To systematically assess the environmental risks of natural steroidal estrogens in vegetables, there is an urgent need to establish an efficient, reliable, universal, and convenient extraction and detection system for these estrogens. This study demonstrated that the three natural steroidal estrogens showed a strong linear relationship, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.9995. The detection limits for estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone were found to be 0.36~3.23μg/kg, 0.76~3.67μg/kg, and 13.97~20.12μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries for these substances ranged from 104.9% to 130.5%, while the relative standard deviations were between 4.9% and 18.7%. In root samples, the average recoveries were between 80.5% and 129.9%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 4.2% to 38.8%. This method detected natural estrogens in vegetable samples randomly collected in Nanjing city. The results indicated that natural estriol was detected in all vegetable samples, with a 100% detection rate in both the ground and root parts. The detection rate for 17β-estradiol was 75% in the ground part and 100% in the root. In contrast, the detection rate for estrone was 43.8% in the ground part and 18.8% in the root. Further studies are needed to assess the potential risks associated with estrone. Overall, The method exhibits high accuracy and precision, fulfilling the requirements for analysis and determination. Consequently, it provides scientific evidences for effectively assessing and control the environmental risks associated with natural steroidal estrogens in vegetables.

vegetables  /  natural steroidal estrogen  /  ultrasonic extraction  /  solid phase extraction  /  high-performance liquid chromatography
Yang CHEN, Jun-yue WANG, Jia-yi YAN, Zi-kang ZHANG, Wan-ting LING. The detection methods of natural steroidal estrogens in vegetables based on UE-SPE-HPLC/FLD[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (6) : 3420 -3427 .
Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 6
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  • Receive Date:2024-12-15
  • Online Date:2026-02-27
  • Published:2025-06-20
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  • Received:2024-12-15
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    Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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