To analyze the clinical characteristics and pertussis-containing vaccine (PCV) vaccination status of 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, to provide a reference for the development of pertussis vaccination and immunization strategies.

Data on 650 pertussis cases reported from Jiangning district, Nanjing city, in the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January to May 2024, were collected from the Jiangsu Provincial Integrated Vaccination Service Management Information System. The clinical characteristics and PCV vaccination status of pertussis cases in this area were analyzed.

Among the 650 pertussis cases in Jiangning district, 640 (98.46%) had a cough, 233 (35.84%) had paroxysmal spasmodic cough, 99 (15.23%) had fever, 81 (12.46%) had vomiting, 61 (9.38%) had pneumonia, and 38 (5.85%) had inspiratory stridor. Comparison of clinical symptoms of pertussis cases in different age groups in Jiangning district showed differences in the incidence of paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, and pneumonia (all P < 0.05). The incidence of cough (100.00%), paroxysmal spasmodic cough (61.54%), vomiting (30.77%), pneumonia (23.08%), and inspiratory stridor (23.08%) was highest in cases < 3 months of age. Among the cases, 604 (92.92%) had received PCV. The PCV vaccination rates for the < 3 months, 3 months to 2 years, 3 to 5 years, 6 to 11 years, and ≥ 12 years age groups were 0, 86.96%, 95.24%, 98.93%, and 82.05%, respectively. Comparison of pertussis cases in different age groups showed significant differences in vaccination rates (χ² = 111.63, P < 0.001). The PCV vaccination rate among hospitalized pertussis cases (84.61%) was significantly lower than that among non-hospitalized cases (93.84%) (χ² = 13.72, P < 0.001).

The incidence of clinical symptoms such as cough, paroxysmal spasmodic cough, vomiting, pneumonia, and inspiratory stridor was higher in pertussis cases < 3 months of age in Jiangning district, and none of these cases had received PCV. The vaccination rate was higher among non-hospitalized cases.

Establishment of an isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of five alternariol mycotoxins in chestnuts.

The optimal mass spectrometry conditions for the five target compounds were determined through parameter optimization. The chromatographic peak elution of the target compounds was analyzed, and the optimal chromatographic column and mobile phase were selected. The extraction efficiency of different extraction reagents was compared by recovery experiments to determine the optimal extraction reagent. Finally, the established method was validated.

The method ultimately used acetonitrile-water-formic acid (70 + 29 + 1) as the extraction reagent for sample pretreatment. A BEH C18 column was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile -0.15 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate. The matrix effect of the method could not be ignored, and the internal standard method should be used for quantitative analysis. The limits of detection (LODs) for the five alternariol mycotoxins ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.30 to 1.50 μg/kg. The recoveries ranged from 80.1% to 111.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 2.3% to 8.2%. The correlation coefficients were all ≥ 0.999 0.

This method is simple, rapid, and accurate. The linearity, precision, and recovery meet the methodological requirements, and it is suitable for the simultaneous determination of five alternariol mycotoxins in chestnuts.

To investigate the awareness, use, and attitudes toward heated tobacco products (HTPs) among middle and college students in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province.

From January to March 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a self-administered questionnaire survey among 10 069 middle and college students in Guangzhou city. The survey collected information on demographics, smoking status, smoking severity index, HTP awareness, ever-use, current use, attitudes toward trying HTPs, and reasons for trying HTPs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, and association rule mining.

A total of 8 377 valid questionnaires were collected. The current smoking rate among the surveyed students was 4.64%. Regarding HTP awareness, 27.40% had "heard of" HTPs and 21.11% had "seen" them. Current smokers (38.30% "heard of", 37.53% "seen") and college students (32.26% "heard of", 24.14% "seen") had higher HTP awareness (P <0.05). The ever-use rate of HTPs was 0.13%, and the current use rate was 0.08%. Among current smokers, males with severe tobacco dependence and smoking family members or friends (5.77%) and college students with below-average economic status (8.57%) had a higher probability of current HTP use than the overall rate (1.80%). Regarding attitudes toward trying HTPs, 3.41% were "very interested" and 4.72% were "somewhat interested." The most common reasons for trying HTPs were "less harmful to health" (24.67%), "simply like it, no particular reason" (24.23%), "curiosity" (13.36%), and "can reduce smoking" (10.28%). College students (4.72% "very interested", 8.32% "somewhat interested") and current smokers (11.57% "very interested", 18.51% "somewhat interested") showed greater interest in trying HTPs (all P <0.05). Never-smokers with above-average economic status and smoking family members or friends (21.37%) and current smokers with severe tobacco dependence (25.86%) had a higher probability of being interested in trying HTPs than the overall population.

The extremely low HTP use rate among middle and college students in Guangzhou city reflects the effectiveness of tobacco control efforts in China, but challenges remain. Continued efforts are needed to prohibit the sale and promotion of HTPs and to further strengthen tobacco control efforts for students, especially specific subgroups, through school policies, teacher and school doctor training, and student-targeted interventions.

To analyze the effectiveness of school-based tobacco control interventions by comparing students′ knowledge, attitudes, and use of e-cigarettes before and after the implementation of interventions, and to provide a basis for further development of school-based tobacco control measures.

From October 2022 to May 2023, a six-month tobacco control intervention was conducted among all students in a vocational high school in Qingpu district, Shanghai. Anonymous questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention. Propensity score matching was performed using gender, grade, and smoking/vaping status of family members and friends as matching variables. Data were compared using the χ² test.

A total of 981 and 819 valid questionnaires were collected at baseline and post-intervention, respectively. After propensity score matching, baseline and follow-up data from 770 students were obtained. At the end of the intervention, 79.5% of the students expressed their hope that the school would continue to promote the construction of a smoke-free environment. After the school-based tobacco control intervention, students′ awareness of the harms of e-cigarettes improved. The proportion of students who agreed that "e-cigarettes pose safety hazards" increased significantly from 81.8% to 85.8% (χ² = 4.604, P = 0.032). Support for e-cigarette control measures increased among adolescents, especially support for banning e-cigarettes in indoor public places, which increased by 4.4% after the intervention. The proportion of students who had ever tried e-cigarettes increased from 4.4% to 5.5%, while the proportions of current e-cigarette users and those intending to use e-cigarettes decreased.

School-based tobacco control interventions are effective in improving students′ knowledge, attitudes, and intentions regarding e-cigarettes, but further efforts are needed to enhance the effectiveness of these interventions.

To investigate the relationship between secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure and mental health problems in adolescents, and to provide a reference for the formulation of smoke-free environment policies.

From March to June 2023, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey of 2 112 full-time students aged ≤18 years nationwide. A χ² test was used for univariate analysis of demographic information and mental health problems. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure and mental health problems in adolescents. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure and the three dimensions of mental health problems in adolescents: somatic symptoms, anxiety/worry, and family relationships.

In this study the prevalence of mental health problems were 12.03% (254 adolescents) and 620 (29.36%) were exposed to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents exposed to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol had a 1.500 times higher risk of developing mental health problems than those not exposed (OR = 1.500, 95%CI: 1.127 - 1.998). Multiple linear regression results showed that adolescents exposed to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol in the past 30 days had more severe somatic symptoms (b = 0.758, P < 0.001) and higher anxiety/worry (b = 0.691, P< 0.001).

Secondhand e-cigarette aerosol exposure in adolescents is positively correlated with the occurrence of mental health problems, and is related to the dimensions of somatic symptoms and anxiety/worry.

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among urban and rural pregnant women in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and to provide evidence for developing targeted smoking control and intervention strategies.

A self-administered voluntary survey was conducted among 11 298 pregnant women who attended early pregnancy registration (first trimester) from January to June 2024 at 47 community health service centers in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect information on participants′ socio-demographics, awareness of SHS-related health hazards, and SHS exposure at home. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze factors influencing household SHS exposure among pregnant women in urban and rural areas.

Of the 11 141 valid respondents (98.6% of all respondents), 14.9% reported exposure to SHS at home in the past 30 days, and exposure was reported by 18.8% of pregnant women in suburban areas, 14.8% in rural-urban areas, and 12.1% in urban areas. Regarding awareness of SHS-related health risks, awareness of SHS-related adult heart disease was the lowest among all groups (67.1%), with urban pregnant women showing a higher awareness rate compared to the other two groups. Stepwise regression analysis identified the following statistically significant predictors of household SHS exposure: for urban pregnant women: husband smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 12.326), cohabitant smoking (OR = 10.822), and no smoking at home (OR = 5.229); for urban-rural pregnant women: husband smoking (OR = 8.809), cohabitant smoking (OR = 3.189), no smoking at home (OR = 5.674), education level (master′s degree or higher, OR = 0.608), awareness of SHS-related heart disease in adults (OR = 0.733), and awareness of lung cancer in adults (OR = 0.612); and for suburban pregnant women: husband smoking (OR = 6.562), cohabitant smoking (OR = 4.510), no smoking at home (OR = 8.266), visitors offering cigarettes (OR = 2.056), age (30 - 34 years, OR = 0.581; ≥ 35 years, OR = 0.521), and awareness of SHS-related lung disease in children (OR = 0.627).

Household SHS exposure among pregnant women in Pudong New Area cannot be ignored. The influencing factors of household SHS exposure differ between urban and rural pregnant women, suggesting that regional characteristics and awareness of the health hazards associated with household SHS exposure should be fully considered when formulating family tobacco control intervention strategies.

To investigate the effect of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) combined with various obesity indicators on the prevalence of comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia among residents aged 35 years and older in Hebei province, and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of this comorbidity in the population.

Data from 7 859 permanent residents aged 35 years and older were collected as part of the Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Project, conducted in 10 districts/counties/cities of Hebei province between April and December 2020. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the TyG, overweight/obesity, central obesity, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the prevalence of comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia. The additive interaction between TyG and different obesity indicators on the prevalence of comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia was assessed using relative excess risk due to interaction (‌RERI). The predictive value of TyG and different obesity indicators for comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Among 7 859 surveyed residents, 30.73% (2 415) were non-overweight/obese, while 69.27% (5 444) were overweight/obese; 43.80% (3 442) were non-centrally obese, and 56.20% (4 417) were centrally obese; 30.70% (2 413) had a normal WHtR, and 69.30% (5 446) had a high WHtR; 44.22% (3 475) had a low TyG (≤ 8.42), and 55.78% (4 384) had a high TyG (≥ 8.43). Additionally, 11.95% (939) had comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia. After adjusting for sex, age, education, residence, physical activity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly increased risk of comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia among residents with central obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.676, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.346 - 2.087), overweight or obesity (OR = 1.440, 95%CI: 1.148 - 1.807), high WHtR (OR = 1.297, 95%CI: 1.001 - 1.679), and high TyG (OR = 2.335, 95%CI: 1.974 - 2.763), compared to residents who were not centrally obese, not overweight or obese, had normal WHtR, and had low TyG. The multivariable logistic regression results also showed significantly higher risks of comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia among residents with both high TyG and high obesity indicators, including overweight or obesity (OR = 5.159, 95%CI: 3.916 - 6.796), central obesity (OR = 5.587, 95%CI: 4.357 - 7.164), and high WHtR (OR = 5.326, 95%CI: 4.038 - 7.026), compared to residents with low TyG and no overweight or obesity, no central obesity, and low WHtR, indicating an additive interaction between TyG and obesity indicators in comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia. ROC analysis demonstrated that TyG combined with waist circumference (WC) had a higher predictive power for comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia (AUC = 0.725, 95%CI: 0.715 - 0.735), indicating better diagnostic accuracy compared to TyG combined with body mass index (BMI), TyG combined with WHtR, or TyG alone.

High TyG, overweight/obesity, central obesity, and high WHtR are all associated with an increased risk of hypertension combined with hyperuricemia in residents aged 35 years and older in Hebei province. An additive interaction exists between TyG and different obesity indicators. TyG combined with WC could serve as an effective predictor for hypertension combined with hyperuricemia.

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of the comorbidity of central obesity and hyperuricemia (HUA) among adult residents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide evidence for developing prevention and control strategies.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5 076 permanent residents aged ≥18 years in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from July to December 2018. Participants were recruited using stratified multistage cluster sampling across 8 districts, banners, counties, and cities, stratified by population size and geographic location to ensure a representative sample. Data were collected via questionnaires, physical examinations, and serum uric acid tests. The prevalence of comorbid central obesity and HUA was calculated as the proportion of participants diagnosed with both conditions. An unconditional multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the main influencing factors of this comorbidity.

Of the 4731 participants finally included in the analysis, 2 139 (45.2%), 520 (11.0%), and 296 (6.3%) were identified as with central obesity, HUA, and comorbid central obesity and HUA, respectively. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that having sleep problems was a risk factor of comorbid central obesity and HUA, while being female, aged ≥ 40 years, and having rural household registration were protective factors against the comorbidity.

Although the prevalence rate of central obesity with HUA among adult residents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively low, it still warrants attention. Gender, age, type of registered residence, and sleep problems are identified as the primary influencing factors for central obesity with HUA among local adult residents.

To analyze the incidence and mortality trends of male breast cancer in Anhui province from 2010 to 2020 based on cancer registry data, with the aim of developing prevention and control strategies for breast cancer in the population.

Data on male breast cancer cases registered in Anhui province from 2010 through 2020 were collected from the China Cancer Registry Platform or the CANREG 4 system. The age- and area-specific number and rate of incidence and mortality, as well as the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of male breast cancer, were calculated. The Joinpoint model was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in these indicators to analyze the trends in incidence and mortality of male breast cancer in selected areas with cancer registration in the province during this period.

For the population covered by the cancer registration in the province during the study period, the crude incidence rate (per 100 000) of male breast cancer was 0.58 (0.53 and 0.61 for urban and rural populations, respectively), and the age-standardized incidence rate was 0.44 (0.38 and 0.49 for urban and rural populations, respectively). There was no significant changing trend in the age-standardized incidence rate for the total population (APC = –1.17%, P > 0.05) or for both urban and rural populations (APC = –0.24% and –2.59%, respectively, both P > 0.05). The crude mortality rate of male breast cancer was 0.21 for the total population, with 0.20 and 0.21 for urban and rural populations, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate was 0.14 for the total population, with 0.13 and 0.16 for urban and rural populations, respectively. There were no significant changing trends in the age-standardized mortality rate for the total population (APC = 3.08%, P > 0.05) or for the rural population (APC = 0.83%, P > 0.05), but there was a significant upward trend in the age-standardized mortality rate for the urban population (APC = 6.29%, P = 0.003).

The registered mortality rate of male breast cancer in the urban population of Anhui province showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020, suggesting that more attention should be given to the prevention and control of male breast cancer in urban areas.