Cardiovascular diseases encompass a group of disorders affecting the heart and vascular system, primarily including coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Cardiovascular diseases have emerged as one of the leading global health burdens. China experiences high prevalence, elevated mortality, and a rapidly increasing trend of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary patterns, recognized as a critical modifiable factor influencing the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, have garnered widespread attention. Evidence indicates that healthy dietary patterns can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, whereas unhealthy dietary habits may elevate the disease incidence. The Jiangnan dietary pattern, a paradigm of traditional Chinese culinary culture, is characterized by mild flavors, refined preparation, and nutritional balance, emphasizing fresh ingredients, balanced meat-vegetable ratios, and healthy cooking methods. Studies suggest that this dietary pattern may modulate lipid profiles and inflammatory markers, thereby influencing the progression of cardiovascular diseases. This paper introduces the current status of cardiovascular diseases in China, discusses the relationship between such diseases and the Jiangnan dietary pattern, and analyzes the intervention effects and mechanisms of this dietary pattern.