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Outline
To examine the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and sleep quality among female non-current smokers aged ≥15 years in China, thereby providing evidence for formulating tobacco control strategies to improve sleep health.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and October 2024. Through a multistage stratified cluster random sampling design, a total of 21 870 female non-current smokers aged ≥15 years were recruited from seven provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China. Data on SHS exposure and sleep-related variables were collected through face-to-face electronic questionnaires administered by trained investigators. Complex sampling weights were adopted to describe the demographic characteristics and SHS exposure of participants. Rao-Scott chi-square tests were conducted to assess subgroup differences, and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between SHS exposure and sleep quality after adjusting for potential confounders.
Among the 21 870 participants, 12 082 (45.32%) resided in urban areas and 9 788 (54.68%) in rural areas. The overall prevalence of SHS exposure was 44.01%, with a higher exposure rate at home (22.79%) than in the workplace (15.90%). Univariate analysis revealed that females exposed to SHS had higher prevalence of poor sleep quality than those unexposed (32.54% vs. 23.59%, χ2 = 26.97, P < 0.01). Specifically, SHS exposure at home was associated with higher prevalence of poor sleep quality than non-exposure (36.10% vs. 25.00%, P < 0.01). A similar trend was observed in the workplace (29.50% vs. 18.00%, P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, multivariate logistic regression showed that SHS exposure was a significant risk factor for poor sleep quality at the overall level (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.56–2.23), at home (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.47–2.12), and in the workplace (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.19–2.20).
SHS exposure was significantly associated with poor sleep quality among female non-current smokers aged ≥15 years in China, indicating that SHS exposure may be a modifiable risk factor for poor sleep quality in females.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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