To analyze the cause ranking and trends of injury-related deaths among residents in Shaanxi province from 2015 to 2023, providing a reference for formulating injury prevention and control strategies.

The injury-related death data were sourced from the Population Death Information Registration Management System of Shaanxi Province from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023. The Joinpoint regression model was adopted to analyze the trends in mortality rates of all injuries and the top four death causes, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated.

From 2015 to 2023, the top four causes of injury-related deaths among residents in Shaanxi province were road traffic injuries, falls, suicide, and poisoning. During this period, the mortality rates from overall injuries, road traffic injuries, and suicide showed a downward trend (all P < 0.05), while the mortality rate from falls presented an upward trend (AAPC = 3.32%, P = 0.014). Among male residents, the mortality rates from overall injuries and road traffic injuries showed a downward trend (both P < 0.05). Among female residents, the mortality rate from suicide showed a downward trend (P < 0.05), whereas that from falls showed an upward trend (AAPC = 6.34%, P = 0.001). The mortality rates from overall injuries and road traffic injuries among the residents aged < 15 years and 15–44 years showed a downward trend (all P < 0.01), and that from suicide among residents aged < 15 years showed an upward trend (AAPC = 14.76%, P = 0.039). The mortality rates from road traffic injuries and suicide among residents aged 45–64 years and those from suicide and poisoning among residents ≥ 65 years showed a downward trend (all P < 0.01). Among urban residents, the mortality rates from overall injuries and road traffic injuries showed a downward trend (both P < 0.01). Among rural residents, the mortality rates from road traffic injuries and suicide showed a downward trend (both P < 0.01), while that from falls showed an upward trend (AAPC = 5.35%, P = 0.001).

From 2015 to 2023, the mortality rates from overall injuries, road traffic injuries, and suicide among residents in Shaanxi showed a downward trend, while that from falls showed an upward trend. The mortality rate trends varied across different injury types among residents of different genders, ages, and residential areas.