Full
Outline
To develop the Chinese Version People′s Voice Survey (PVS-CN) that incorporates both international comparability and local characteristics and test its reliability and validity.
On the basis of collaborative development of the global version of the evaluation tool, the PVS-CN was formed through localization revisions, translation–back translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and adjustments, with the scale items being tested. In October 2023, a mobile phone survey was conducted across China′s mainland (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan), where mobile phone numbers were randomly selected. A total of 534 valid questionnaires were collected, with 42 participants undergoing retesting after a two-week interval. The reliability and validity of the scale were assessed by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and other methods of reliability and validity testing.
The PVS-CN scale consists of 27 items, covering five dimensions: self-assessed health status, recent healthcare experience, evaluation of the public healthcare system, overall evaluation of the health system, and expectations for the quality of the health system, explaining 67.663% of the total variance. The scale presents the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranging from 0.71 to 1.00, the scale-level content validity index/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) of 0.85, and the average scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.98, demonstrating strong content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the structural validity of the scale is good, with χ2/df = 2.131, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.934, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.964, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.910, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.960, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.964, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.046. The reliability test results show that the overall scale has the Cronbach′s α coefficient of 0.942, the split-half reliability of 0.849, and the test-retest reliability of 0.874, indicating good internal consistency and stability of the scale.
The PVS-CN developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, serving as an effective tool for assessing China′s healthcare system from the public perspective, with potential for further application.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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