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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in urine and associated health risks among school-aged children in Shenzhen: a cross-sectional survey
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Lixin ZHOU1, 2, 3, 4, Chenyan ZENG1, 2, 3, 4, Tiantian DUAN1, 2, 3, 4, Songyi HUANG1, 2, 3, 4, Jiehao LI1, 2, 3, 4, Yu WU1, 2, 3, 4, Siyi ZHONG1, 2, 3, 4, Pan YANG1, 2, 3, 4
Chinese Journal of Public Health | 2025, 41(8) : 982 - 989
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Chinese Journal of Public Health | 2025, 41(8): 982-989
• Survey and Report •
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in urine and associated health risks among school-aged children in Shenzhen: a cross-sectional survey
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Lixin ZHOU1, 2, 3, 4, Chenyan ZENG1, 2, 3, 4, Tiantian DUAN1, 2, 3, 4, Songyi HUANG1, 2, 3, 4, Jiehao LI1, 2, 3, 4, Yu WU1, 2, 3, 4, Siyi ZHONG1, 2, 3, 4, Pan YANG1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • 2China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • 3School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Ji’nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control (Ji’nan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
Published: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145453
Outline
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Objective

To assess the exposure to and health risks from endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in primary and secondary school students.

Methods

The participants of this study were 330 primary and secondary school students who were selected at random from visitors to the Sleep Research Center of Shenzhen People′s Hospital between July and September of 2022. The students provided bedtime and next-morning urine samples and completed questionnaire surveys. A triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer was utilized to assess the concentrations of 34 EDCs, encompassing 7 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 3 parabens (PBs), 10 phthalates (PAEs), 4 benzophenones, 7 synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), and 3 bisphenols, in both bedtime and morning urine samples to estimate the students' daily intake (EDI) of these EDCs.

Results

Most EDCs were detected at rates exceeding 40% in both bedtime and morning urine samples from 330 participants ultimately included in the analysis. The highest detection rates were observed for monomethyl phthalate (MMP), mono[2-(carboxymethyl)hexyl] phthalate (MMCHP), and mono [2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl] phthalate (MECPP). Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) had the highest EDI, with the mean EDI from morning samples exceeded the RfD. Seventy-two students (21.8%) had a phthalate HI greater than one.

Conclusions

The cumulative exposure to PAEs among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen is relatively high, posing potential health risks. To mitigate these risks, it is advisable to minimize contact with products containing PAEs.

endocrine disruptors  /  exposure assessment  /  risk assessment  /  primary and secondary school students  /  Shenzhen city
周礼信, 曾晨燕, 段甜甜, 黄宋旖, 李结浩, 武玉, 钟斯怡, 杨盼. 深圳市中小学生多种EDCs类污染物暴露特征与风险评估. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (8) : 982 -989 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145453
Lixin ZHOU, Chenyan ZENG, Tiantian DUAN, Songyi HUANG, Jiehao LI, Yu WU, Siyi ZHONG, Pan YANG. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in urine and associated health risks among school-aged children in Shenzhen: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (8) : 982 -989 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145453
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 41 Issue 8
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Article Info
doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145453
  • Receive Date：2024-06-24
  • Online Date：2026-10-25
  • Published：2025-08-10
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2024-06-24
  • Revised：2025-01-09
  • Accepted：2025-05-16
Affiliations
    1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    2China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    3School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Ji’nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
    4Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control (Ji’nan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China

Corresponding:

YANG Pan, E-mail:
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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