In order to improve the situation of network security education and the quality of network security education in colleges and universities，a cognitive-attitude-behavior theoretical model of college students was constructed. Through the distribution and screening of questionnaires，659 valid questionnaires were obtained. SEM was used to test the influence of network security education on network security cognition，network security attitude and network security behavior in the collected data. The results show that network security education can have a significant influence on network security cognition，network security attitude and network security behavior. During the influenced process，network security cognition and network security attitude play an independent and chain intermediary role. Legal and moral education，knowledge education，practical activities，and leading by example can directly affect network security behavior. Legal and moral education has the strongest influence，followed by knowledge education. Practical activities and leading by example are the weakest. In terms of specific paths of process，legal and moral education mainly affects network security behavior through direct effect，while knowledge education，practical activities and leading by example mainly affect network security behavior indirectly through security cognition.