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To reduce the risk of rear-end collisions in highway tunnels, a tunnel reflective strip space model was proposed based on the tunnel reflective strip characteristics with depth perception information. The effects of spacing between tunnel reflective strips on vehicle distance maintenance were examined through driving simulation tests. Braking headway, minimum headway, following headway, and minimum collision time were selected as evaluation indicators. The results indicated that when the leading vehicle traveled at speeds between 40-80 km/h and the following vehicle approached at a speed 20 km/h higher than the leading vehicle, if the following driver received 3-4 visual stimulations from the reflective strips before the distance between the leading and following vehicles was less than the minimum safe distance, the braking headway, minimum headway, and the time headway under stable car-following conditions was improved by 27.6%-56.6%, 54.2%-60.3%, and 20.1%-31.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum collision time was increased by 34.7%-60.5% once the leading vehicle braked urgently, reducing the probability of a rear-end collision. Therefore, tunnel reflective strips enhance drivers' perception of speed and distance perception ability, reducing the risk of rear-end collisions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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