Sudden respiratory infectious diseases spread rapidly and pose significant challenges for prevention and control, representing a major public health concern globally. Xinjiang is rich in ethnic medical resources, with traditional medicinal materials such as Uyghur and Kazakh herbs demonstrating unique potential in antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. This article reviews the chemical components, pharmacological effects and applications in respiratory infectious diseases of characteristic Xinjiang medicinal materials such as Fomes officinalis, Hyssopus officinalis, and Artemisia rupestris, as well as commonly used clinical preparations. Studies have found that ethnic medicinal materials and preparations exhibit synergistic mechanisms involving multiple components, targets, and pathways, which inhibit viral replication, modulate immune responses and mitigate inflammatory damage. They have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in clinical practice. This review further discusses the challenges faced in modernization, formulation optimization, and clinical validation of Xinjiang ethnic medicines, aiming to provide new medicinal resources and prevention strategies for addressing sudden respiratory infectious diseases.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |