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Outline
Natural plant essential oils, as secondary metabolites of plants, possess hydrophobicity and volatility, and exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and antitumor effects. They are considered potential alternatives to chemically synthesized drugs. However, their poor stability and low water solubility limit clinical applications. Nanotechnology, through the construction of delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanogels, and polymeric nanoparticles, significantly improves the stability, bioavailability, and targeting ability of essential oils, thereby enhancing their pharmacological activity and reducing toxic side effects. This review systematically summarizes the chemical composition, biological activity mechanisms, and recent advances in nanoformulations of natural plant essential oils, with a particular focus on the application strategies and effects of nanodelivery systems in improving essential oil performance. Furthermore, it highlights their translational potential and future development directions in modern medicine.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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