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Outline
As significant bioactive constituents within natural products, alkaloids exhibit characteristics of extensive sources, diverse structures, multi-targeted and multi-level actions, and possess potent immunomodulatory effects. Although numerous studies have explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of alkaloids, a systematic review of their immunomodulatory activities and underlying mechanisms remains to be systematically reviewed, particularly an integrative analysis of the most recent research advances. Therefore, this paper collates recent research findings on alkaloids within the field of immunoregulation. It reviews the modulatory effects of alkaloids on the immune system, summarises the principal molecular mechanisms underlying their actions, and outlines their applications in the treatment of immune-related diseases. This review aims to provide a reference for subsequent mechanistic studies and the development of related pharmaceuticals.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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