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Lonicera japonica is a well-known traditional medicinal plant in China, and its floral volatiles are also used in the food, cosmetic, and horticultural industries. The artificially bred variety "Jiu Feng 2" is widely cultivated as a raw material for herbal teas and health products. However, its aromatic profile and underlying biosynthetic basis remain poorly understood. Here, we performed comparative volatile metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of "Jiu Feng 2" and its parental variety "Da Mao Hua". Metabolomic analysis showed that terpenoids are the predominant volatiles in both varieties, and the golden flowers are the organs with the highest accumulation of volatile metabolites in both varieties. Comparative profiling of golden flowers identified 131 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). β-Ocimene and α-farnesene were enriched in "Da Mao Hua", whereas α-terpinene and perillene were enriched in "Jiu Feng 2". These DAMs were mainly enriched in terpenoid-related secondary metabolic pathways, including monoterpenoid biosynthesis and sesquiterpenoid/triterpenoid biosynthesis. Transcriptome sequencing generated 268.61 Gb of high-quality data and identified 34 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In golden flowers, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to terpenoid, aliphatic, and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Integrated analysis revealed that both DAMs and DEGs were significantly co-enriched in terpenoid biosynthetic pathways. Quantitative real-time PCR further confirmed that two terpene synthase (TPS) genes involved in β-ocimene and α-farnesene formation, LjTPS15 and LjTPS16, showed significantly lower expression in "Jiu Feng 2", consistent with the reduced accumulation of these volatiles. Collectively, this study reveals the major differences in aromatic compound accumulation and differentially expressed genes between two L. japonica varieties, laying the foundation for subsequent in-depth analysis of their molecular mechanism and providing a theoretical basis for breeding of L. japonica.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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