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This study used functionality-related characteristics of disintegrants to clarify how different superdisintegrants act in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tablets and how their effects are modified by TCM type and drug loading. Three commonly used superdisintegrants and three TCMs representing disintegrating, dissolving/eroding and swelling disintegration patterns were selected as models. The basic properties of the disintegrants, including particle size, moisture, swelling ability and flowability, were systematically characterized and related to tablet disintegration profiles obtained from dynamic disintegration tests. The results showed that the performance of croscarmellose sodium was mainly governed by powder flowability, whereas sodium starch glycolate was controlled by a combination of sedimentation behaviour, particle size and moisture, and crospovidone depended primarily on particle size characteristics and swelling capacity. In tablets containing disintegrating- or dissolving/eroding-type TCMs, selecting grades according to these key properties clearly shortened disintegration time and increased disintegration rate. In high-loading tablets containing swelling-type TCM, competition for water and swelling space between the herbal powder and the disintegrant was observed and weakened the accelerating effect of the disintegrant. These findings indicate that an evaluation framework centred on functionality-related characteristics can link the structure and properties of superdisintegrants to disintegration behaviour in TCM tablets and provides a practical basis for optimizing disintegrant type and grade, particularly in high-loading formulations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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