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Verticillium-derived secondary metabolites have demonstrated promising biological activities, including antibacterial, antitumor, and antimalarial effects. To further explore the chemical diversity and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites from the genus Verticillium, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from the fermentation broth of the fungal strain Verticillium sp. SN-1 isolated from Daya Bay, Guangdong Province, China and to evaluate their antibacterial activities. Thirteen compounds were isolated from the crude extract of Verticillium sp. SN-1 using a combination of chromatographic techniques, including normal-phase silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their chemical structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). Based on spectral data interpretation, the compounds were identified as cytosporone G (1), verticillpyrone A (2), methyl 1, 5-dihydroxy-3-methylxanthone-6-carboxylate (3), acremonidin E (4), acremonoxide (5), alternethanoxin A (6), janthinone (7), 3-deoxy-methylsulochrin (8), astrophenone (9), acremoxanthone F (10), acremoxanthone C (11), acremoxanthone B (12), and acremonidin G (13). Among these isolates, compounds 1 and 2 were characterized as new compounds, while compounds 3-13 were known secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to established protocols. The results showed that compounds 4 and 10-13 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 32, 16, 32, 8, and 8 μg·mL-1, respectively. Additionally, compounds 11-13 displayed inhibitory activities against Enterococcus faecalis, with corresponding MIC values of 32, 32, and 8 μg·mL-1.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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