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Outline
This study focuses on the innovative applications of microneedles in transdermal drug delivery, aiming to explore their underlying mechanisms for overcoming skin barrier limitations and summarise cutting-edge advances. Recent transdermal delivery research has increasingly emphasised mechanism optimisation and material innovation for microneedles. This review analyses five delivery mechanisms — including "poke and patch" and "coat and poke" — clarifying their principles, advantages, and existing challenges. By examining application cases across ophthalmic disorders, dermatology, oncology, autoimmune diseases, and chronic metabolic conditions, it demonstrates broad prospects for drug delivery efficiency and health monitoring. Future efforts must address critical challenges including scalable production, long-term safety validation, and personalised treatment approaches to accelerate clinical translation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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