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Steroidal saponins are major active constituents of Maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker Gawl.), and their structures and pharmacological activities are strongly influenced by glycosylation, whereas glycosyltransferases from Maidong remain poorly studied. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing, assembly and annotation of roots, stems and leaves of O. japonicus, and combined domain-based screening to identify and conduct phylogenetic analysis of the UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene family. In total, we obtained 109 UGT candidate coding sequences (CDSs) and identified 34 full-length UGT CDSs (OjUGT1-OjUGT34). Phylogenetic analysis grouped OjUGTs together with Arabidopsis UGTs into 15 subfamilies, among which clade D (UGT73 subfamily) and clade G (UGT85 subfamily) contained relatively more members. Conserved motif analysis and multiple sequence alignment showed that 31 OjUGT proteins possess the canonical plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif. Expression profiling revealed pronounced tissue-specific differences in OjUGT transcripts, with OjUGT32 (UGT73 subfamily) highly expressed in tuberous roots and OjUGT34 (UGT73 subfamily) highly expressed in leaves. Comparative analyses across species suggested lineage-specific expansion of UGT73 and UGT85 genes within Asparagaceae, which may be associated with steroidal saponin biosynthesis. By integrating phylogenetic relationships, PSPG motif conservation, three-dimensional structure prediction and tissue-specific expression patterns, we propose that OjUGT32 and OjUGT34 are likely involved in the glycosylation of steroidal saponins in O. japonicus. Overall, this study establishes the expression profile of the UGT gene family in Maidong and predicts the physicochemical properties and sequence features of OjUGTs, providing candidate genes for elucidating the glycosylation steps in steroidal saponin biosynthesis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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