Full
Outline
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological cancer that originates from plasma cells in the bone marrow. The disease is characterized by abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells and excessive secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin. High protein load is a common feature of various malignant tumors, resulting from abnormal protein synthesis, folding errors, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and imbalances in the protein degradation system. The bone marrow microenvironment also plays a role in these processes. Interestingly, while high protein levels are toxic to normal cells, cancer cells actually rely on this stress to grow and survive. MM cells, in particular, produce large amounts of immunoglobulins, which contribute to their malignant progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current and investigational treatments for MM, as well as the key molecular pathways involved in maintaining protein homeostasis. Special attention is given to the role of PTMs in shaping the high protein load phenotype in MM cells. These findings are in line with the traditional Chinese medicine concept of "cancer toxin" and may offer new insights for developing therapeutic strategies that target proteotoxic stress.
364
170
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
关闭全屏
No. 86 Xueyuan South Road, Haidian District, Beijing
010-62662699(Operation and Technical Support)
qkjq@cast.org.cn
Copyright © 2025 China Association for Science and Technology. All rights reserved. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
Sponsored by the Office of the Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization of CAST, and supported by Science and Technology Review Publishing House
