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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by typical symptoms such as resting tremor and muscle rigidity, which can severely impair patients' quality of life. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of PD is crucial for improving patient prognosis. Traditional detection methods have limitations including low sensitivity and invasiveness, whereas nanoprobes, with their high specificity, high sensitivity, and multimodal imaging capabilities, offer new opportunities for precise diagnosis and treatment of PD. This article systematically reviews recent advances in the application of nanoprobes for PD detection, with a focus on the classification and functionalization strategies of nanoprobes, as well as their applications in the detection of PD biomarkers and related fields. Additionally, it analyzes current challenges such as biocompatibility and clinical translation, and provides an outlook on future development directions, aiming to offer new insights and references for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of PD.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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