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This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents of the soft coral Sinularia sp. collected from Ximao Island in the South China Sea, and to evaluate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs) agonistic and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds. The chemical constituents were isolated using silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of NMR, MS, and IR data and comparing them with those reported in the literature. Eleven compounds were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia sp., including two norsesquiterpenes, two furanosesquiterpenes, and seven steroids. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as (2E,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,6,8-trienoic acid (1), (3S,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-nona-6,8-dienoic acid (2), (1′E,5′E)-5-(2′,6′-dimethylocta-1′,5′,7′-trienyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid (3), (5′E)-5-(2′,6′-dimethylocta-5′,7′-dienyl)-furan-3-carboxylic acid (4), (24S)-24-methylcholesterol (5), 24R-7α- hydroxyergosta-5-en-3β-ol (6), brassicasterol (7), pregn-5,20-dien-3β-ol (8), gorgosterol (9), β-sitosterol (10), 24-methylenecholesterol (11). Compound 1 was identified as a new compound. Compounds 6 and 10 were obtained from Sinularia sp. for the first time. Luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that compounds 8 and 9 selectively activated the PPAR-α transcription factor at a concentration of 5 μmol·L-1, while compound 5 acted as a dual agonist of PPAR-α and PPAR-β isomers. In addition, compounds 5, 7, and 8 exhibited in vitro anti-inflammatory activities. Compound 5 significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated mouse macrophages RAW264.7.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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