Abnormal aggregates with degradation-resistant properties are the core pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Emerging studies have revealed that the pathogenesis of these diseases is closely linked to abnormalities in biomolecular condensates within cells. This review aims to systematically outline the relevant physiological and pathological functions of biomolecular condensates, summarize the regulatory mechanisms underlying phase separation of disease-related proteins and their associations with biomolecular condensates under physiological and pathological conditions, reveal the roles of these proteins in mediating neuronal dysfunction and death, and finally summarize the current therapeutic strategies targeting biomolecular condensates for intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |